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Nonconvex composite multiobjective nonsmooth fractional programming
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2013, Article number: 508 (2013)
Abstract
We consider nonsmooth multiobjective programs where the objective function is a fractional composition of invex functions and locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Kuhn-Tucker necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for weakly efficient solutions are presented. We formulate dual problems and establish weak, strong and converse duality theorems for a weakly efficient solution.
MSC:90C46, 90C29, 90C32.
1 Introduction
Recently there has been an increasing interest in developing optimality conditions and duality relations for nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems involving locally Lipschitz functions. Many authors have studied under kinds of generalized convexity, and some results have been obtained. Schaible [1] and Bector et al. [2] derived some Kuhn-Tucker necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the multiobjective fractional programming. By using ρ-invexity of a fractional function, Kim [3] obtained necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and duality theorems for nonsmooth multiobjective fractional programming problems. Lai and Ho [4] established sufficient optimality conditions for multiobjective fractional programming problems involving exponential V-r-invex Lipschitz functions. In [5], Kim and Schaible considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems with inequality and equality constraints involving locally Lipschitz functions and presented several sufficient optimality conditions under various invexity assumptions and regularity conditions. Soghra Nobakhtian [6] obtained optimality conditions and a mixed dual model for nonsmooth fractional multiobjective programming problems. Jeyakumar and Yang [7] considered nonsmooth constrained multiobjective optimization problems where the objective function and the constraints are compositions of convex functions and locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Lagrangian necessary conditions and new sufficient optimality conditions for efficient and properly efficient solutions were presented. Mishra and Mukherjee [8] extended the work of Jeyakumar and Yang [7] and the constraints are compositions of V-invex functions.
The present article begins with an extension of the results in [7, 8] from the nonfractional to the fractional case. We consider nonsmooth multiobjective programs where the objective functions are fractional compositions of invex functions and locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions and sufficient optimality conditions for weakly efficient solutions are presented. We formulate dual problems and establish weak, strong and converse duality theorems for a weakly efficient solution.
2 Preliminaries
Let be the n-dimensional Euclidean space and be its nonnegative orthant. Throughout the paper, the following convention for inequalities will be used for :
The real-valued function is said to be locally Lipschitz if for any there exists a positive constant K and a neighbourhood N of z such that, for each ,
The Clarke generalized directional derivative of a locally Lipschitz function f at x in the direction d denoted by (see, e.g., Clarke [9]) is as follows:
The Clarke generalized subgradient of f at x is denoted by
Proposition 2.1 [9]
Let f, h be Lipschitz near x, and suppose . Then is Lipschitz near x, and one has
If, in addition, , and if f and −h are regular at x, then equality holds and is regular at x.
In this paper, we consider the following composite multiobjective fractional programming problem:
where
-
(1)
C is an open convex subset of a Banach space X,
-
(2)
, , , and , , are real-valued locally Lipschitz functions on , and and are locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions from X into with Gâteaux derivatives and , respectively, but are not necessarily continuously Fréchet differentiable or strictly differentiable [9],
-
(3)
, , ,
-
(4)
and are regular.
Definition 2.1 A feasible point is said to be a weakly efficient solution for (P) if there exists no feasible point x for which
Definition 2.2 [10]
A function f is invex on if for there exists a function such that
Definition 2.3 [10]
A function is V-invex on if for there exist functions and such that
The following lemma is needed in necessary optimality conditions, weak duality and converse duality.
Lemma 2.1 [3]
If , , and are invex at u with respect to , and and are regular at u, then is V-invex at u with respect to , where .
3 Optimality conditions
Note that if is locally Lipschitz near a point and Gâteaux differentiable at x and if is locally Lipschitz near , then the continuous sublinear function, defined by
satisfies the inequality
Recall that is the upper Dini-directional derivative of at x in the direction of h, and is the Clarke subdifferential of f at . The function in (3.1) is called upper convex approximation of at x, see [11, 12].
Note that for a set C, int C denotes the interior of C, and , denotes the dual cone of C, where is the topological dual space of X. It is also worth noting that for a convex set C, the closure of the cone generated by the set C at a point a, cl , is the tangent cone of C at a, and the dual is the normal cone of C at a, see [9, 13].
Theorem 3.1 (Necessary optimality conditions)
Suppose that , and are locally Lipschitz functions, and that and are locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. If is a weakly efficient solution for (P), then there exist Lagrange multipliers , , and , , not all zero, satisfying
Proof Let , , .
For convenience, we define
Suppose that the following system has a solution:
where is given by
Then the system
has a solution. So, there exists such that , , , whenever . Since for and is continuous in a neighbourhood of a, there exists such that , whenever , . Let . Then is a feasible solution for (P) and , for sufficiently small α such that .
This contradicts the fact that a is a weakly efficient solution for (P). Hence (3.2) has no solution.
Since, for each k, is sublinear and is convex, it follows from a separation theorem [12, 14] that there exist , , , , not all zero, such that
Then, by applying standard arguments of convex analysis (see [15, 16]) and choosing whenever , we have
So, there exist , satisfying
Hence, the conclusion holds. □
Under the following generalized Slater condition, we do the following:
where .
Choosing , with and defining , we can select the multipliers and . Hence, the following Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions (KT) for (P) are obtained:
We present new conditions under which the optimality conditions (KT) become sufficient for weakly efficient solutions.
The following null space condition is as in [7]:
Let . Define by . For each , the linear mapping is given by
where , and , , are real positive constants. Let us denote the null space of a function H by .
Recall, from the generalized Farkas lemma [14], that if and only if . This observation prompts us to define the following general null space condition:
For each , there exist real constants , , and , , such that
where
Equivalently, the null space condition means that for each , there exist real constants , , and , , and such that and . For our problem (P), we assume the following generalized null space condition for invex function (GNCI):
For each , there exist real constants , , and , , and such that and .
Note that when and and , the generalized null space condition for invex function (GNCI) reduces to (NC).
Theorem 3.2 (Sufficient optimality conditions)
For the problem (P), assume that , and are invex functions and and are locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Let u be feasible for (P). Suppose that the optimality conditions (KT) hold at u. If (GNCI) holds at each feasible point x of (P), then u is a weakly efficient solution of (P).
Proof From the optimality conditions (KT), there exist , such that
Suppose that u is not a weakly efficient solution of (P). Then there exists a feasible for (P) with
By (GNCI), there exists , same for each and , such that , , and , . Hence
This is a contradiction and hence u is a weakly efficient solution for (P). □
4 Duality theorems
In this section, we introduce a dual programming problem and establish weak, strong and converse duality theorems. Now we propose the following dual (D) to (P).
Theorem 4.1 (Weak duality)
Let x be feasible for (P), and let be feasible for (D). Assume that (GNCI) holds with . Moreover, , and are invex functions and and are locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Then
Proof Since is feasible for (D), there exist , , , , , , satisfying for and
Suppose that and
Then
By the invexity of and , we have
since and , then
From the feasibility conditions, we get , , and so
Similarly, by the invexity of , positivity of and by (GNCI), we have
By (4.1) and (4.2), we get
This is a contradiction. The proof is completed by noting that when the conclusion trivially holds. □
Theorem 4.2 (Strong duality)
For the problem (P), assume that the generalized Slater constraint qualification holds. If u is a weakly efficient solution for (P), then there exist , , , such that is a weakly efficient solution for (D).
Proof It follows from Theorem 3.1 that there exist , , , such that
Then is a feasible solution for (D). By weak duality,
Since is a feasible solution for (D), is a weakly efficient solution for (D). Hence the result holds. □
Theorem 4.3 (Converse duality)
Let be a weakly efficient solution of (D), and let a be a feasible solution of (P). Assume that , and are invex functions and and are locally Lipschitz and Gâteaux differentiable functions. Moreover, (GNCI) holds with . Then u is a weakly efficient solution of (P).
Proof Suppose, contrary to the result, that u is not a weakly efficient solution of (P). Then there exists such that
Since , are invex functions, for each , we have
Since are feasible for (P), we get
From the hypothesis , is an invex function and for each , it follows that
and , , then we have
From (4.3) and (4.4), we get
This is a contradiction. □
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a research grant of Pukyong National University (2013). The authors wish to thank the anonymous referees for their suggestions and comments.
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Authors’ contributions
DSK presented necessary and sufficient optimality conditions, formulated Mond-Weir type dual problem and established weak, strong and converse duality theorems for nonconvex composite multiobjective nonsmooth fractional programs. HJK carried out the optimality and duality studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Kim, H.J., Kim, D.S. Nonconvex composite multiobjective nonsmooth fractional programming. J Inequal Appl 2013, 508 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-508
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-508