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Existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point under a limit contractive condition
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2013, Article number: 519 (2013)
Abstract
In this paper, utilizing the notion of common limit range property for two pairs of self mappings, we prove common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces under a limit contractive condition, which improve and extend the results of Zhu et al. [Common fixed point theorems of new contractive conditions in fuzzy metric spaces, J. Appl. Math. 2013:145190, 2013]. We also give some examples to demonstrate the validity of the hypotheses of our results. As an application to our main result, we obtain a fixed point theorem for four finite families of self mappings in fuzzy metric space.
MSC: 47H10, 54H25.
1 Introduction
In 1965, Zadeh [1] initiated the concept of a fuzzy set in his seminal paper. In the last five decades, there have been a tremendous development and growth in fuzzy mathematics. The concept of fuzzy metric space was introduced by Kramosil and Michalek [2] in 1975, which opened an avenue for further development of analysis in such spaces. Thereafter, George and Veeramani [3] modified the concept of fuzzy metric space introduced by Kramosil and Michalek [2] with a view to obtain a Hausdoroff topology, which has very important applications in quantum particle physics, particularly in connection with both string and theory (see, [4–6] and references mentioned therein). Fuzzy set theory also has applications in several domains of applied sciences, which include neural network theory, stability theory, mathematical programming, modeling theory, engineering sciences, medical sciences (medical genetics, nervous system), image processing, control theory, communication, etc. Due to richness in applications, this theory progressed by leaps and bounds which also include interesting applications of the theory in diverse areas.
To use this concept in topology and analysis, several researchers have defined fuzzy metric spaces in several ways (e.g. [7–13]). In 2009, Abbas et al. [14] utilized the notions of the property (E.A) (which contains the class of non-compatible self mappings) and the common property (E.A) in fuzzy metric spaces and proved common fixed point theorems. Here, it can be pointed out that the use of the property (E.A) and the common property (E.A) requires the closedness of the underlying subspaces for the existence of common fixed points. Inspired by this observation, Sintunavarat and Kumam [15] coined the idea of ‘common limit range property,’ which never requires the closedness of such subspaces. Motivated by the results of Imdad et al. [16], Chauhan [17] extended the notion of common limit range property to two pairs of self mappings in fuzzy metric spaces and proved several results on the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points in fuzzy metric spaces. For the sake of completeness, we refer the readers to [18–38]. Most recently, Zhu et al. [39] proved common fixed point theorems by using the notions of the property (E.A) and the common property (E.A) in George and Veeramani type fuzzy metric spaces (briefly, GV-type) under a new limit contraction condition.
In the present paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible mappings in fuzzy metric spaces employing the common limit range property. As an application to our main result, we also derive a common fixed point theorem for four finite families of mappings in fuzzy metric spaces using the notion of pairwise commuting families (due to Imdad et al.[40]) and utilize the same to derive common fixed point theorems for six mappings. In the process, many known results (especially the ones contained in Zhu et al. [39]) are enriched and improved. Some related results are also derived besides furnishing illustrative examples.
2 Preliminaries
In this section, we present background material required in our subsequent discussion.
Definition 2.1 [41]
A binary operation is a continuous t-norm if it satisfies the following conditions:
-
(1)
∗ is associative and commutative,
-
(2)
∗ is continuous,
-
(3)
for all ,
-
(4)
, whenever and for all .
Examples of continuous t-norms are , and .
Definition 2.2 [3]
A 3-tuple is said to be a fuzzy metric space if X is an arbitrary set, ∗ is a continuous t-norm, and M is a fuzzy set on satisfying the following conditions: for all , ,
(GV-1) ,
(GV-2) if and only if ,
(GV-3) ,
(GV-4) ,
(GV-5) is continuous.
In view of (GV-1) and (GV-2), it is worth pointing out that (for all ) provided (see [32]). In what follows, fuzzy metric spaces in the sense of George and Veeramani [3] will be referred to as GV-fuzzy metric spaces.
Every metric space is a fuzzy metric space and is called a standard fuzzy metric space (see [3]). Here, we give some new and interesting examples of fuzzy metric spaces due to Gregori et al. [11]. For further details and related examples, one can see [11].
Example 2.1 [11]
Let be a one-one function, and let be an increasing continuous function. For fixed , define M as
then is a fuzzy metric space on X, wherein ∗ is the product t-norm, i.e., .
Example 2.2 [11]
Define a function M as
then is a fuzzy metric space on X, wherein ∗ is the product t-norm and is an increasing continuous function.
Example 2.3 [11]
Let be a bounded metric space with (for all ). Let be an increasing continuous function. Define a function M as
then is a fuzzy metric space on X, wherein ∗ is a Lukasiewicz t-norm, i.e., .
Definition 2.3 [32]
A sequence in a GV-fuzzy metric space is said to be convergent to some if for all , there is some such that
for all .
Definition 2.4 [42]
A pair of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space is said to be compatible if and only if for all , whenever is a sequence in X such that for some as .
Definition 2.5 [43]
A pair of self mappings of a non-empty set X is said to be weakly compatible (or coincidentally commuting) if they commute at their coincidence points, that is, if some , then .
Definition 2.6 [14]
A pair of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space is said to satisfy the property (E.A) if there exists a sequence in X such that (for some )
Definition 2.7 [14]
Two pairs and of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space are said to satisfy the common property (E.A) if there exist two sequences and in X such that (for some )
Definition 2.8 [15]
A pair of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space is said to satisfy the property with respect to mapping S if there exists a sequence in X such that
where .
It is evident that a pair of self mappings satisfying the property (E.A) along with closedness of the subspace always enjoys the property.
Definition 2.9 [17]
Two pairs and of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space are said to satisfy the property with respect to mappings S and T if there exist two sequences and in X such that
where .
Definition 2.10 [40]
Two families of self mappings and are said to be pairwise commuting if
-
(1)
for all ,
-
(2)
for all ,
-
(3)
for all and .
3 Results
On the lines of Zhu et al. [39], let be a GV-fuzzy metric space, while let A, B, S and T be self mappings of X. For any and , we write
(C-1) implies that for all and any sequence , in X.
The following lemma will be needed in our main theorem.
Lemma 3.1 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying conditions (C-1) and (3.1). Suppose that
-
(1)
the pair satisfies the property (or the pair satisfies the property),
-
(2)
(or ),
-
(3)
(or ) is a closed subset of X,
-
(4)
converges for every sequence in X, whenever converges (or converges for every sequence in X, whenever converges).
Then the pairs and satisfy the property.
Proof Since the pair satisfies the property with respect to mapping S, there exists a sequence in X such that
where . As , for every sequence , there exists a sequence in X such that . Owing to closedness of ,
where . Thus in all, we have , and as . Now, we require to show that as . By using (3.1) with , and any , we have
or
If as , then there is some such that as . Hence, (C-1) implies that
which is a contradiction. Hence, , which shows that the pairs and enjoy the property. This completes the proof of lemma. □
Remark 3.1 In general, the converse of Lemma 3.1 is not true (see [[40], Example 3.5]).
Now, we state and prove our main result for two pairs of weakly compatible mappings satisfying the property.
Theorem 3.1 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying conditions (C-1) and (3.1). If the pairs and share the property, then and have a coincidence point each. Moreover, A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and are weakly compatible.
Proof If the pairs and satisfy the property, then there exist two sequences and in X such that
where . Since , there exists a point such that . We show that . By using (3.1) with , , we get (for any )
or
If , then there is some such that . Therefore, (C-1) implies that
which is a contradiction. Hence, . Therefore, u is a coincidence point of the pair .
Also , there exists a point such that . We assert that . By using (3.1) with , and , we have
In view of (C-1), we get , which implies that , and so . Hence, v is a coincidence point of the pair .
Since the pair is weakly compatible, and , hence, . Now, we show that z is a common fixed point of the pair . By using (3.1) with , and , we have
By (C-1), we obtain , and so , which shows that z is a common fixed point of the pair .
Also the pair is weakly compatible, and , then . By using (3.1) with , and , we have
In view of (C-1), we get , which implies that . Therefore, , which shows that z is a common fixed point of the pair . Hence, z is a common fixed point of both pairs and . Uniqueness of common fixed point is an easy consequence of inequality (3.1). This concludes the proof. □
Remark 3.2 Theorem 3.1 improves the corresponding results contained in Zhu et al. [39] as closedness of the underlying subspaces is not required.
Theorem 3.2 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying all the hypotheses of Lemma 3.1. Then A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and are weakly compatible.
Proof In view of Lemma 3.1, the pairs and satisfy the property, so that there exist two sequences and in X such that
where . The rest of the proof runs on the lines of the proof of Theorem 3.1. This completes the proof. □
Let be a non-negative and Lebesgue integrable function satisfying
for each . We denote .
(C-2) There exists a function such that for any , , and for any , , implies that
(C-3) There exists a function such that for any , , and for any , , implies that
then (C-1) holds. It can be easily considered from the proof of Theorem 2.2 contained in [39].
By taking in conditions (C-1) and (C-2), we can deduce the following contractive conditions:
(C-4) There exists a function such that for any , , and for any , , implies that
(C-5) There exists a function such that for any , , and for any , , implies that
Remark 3.3 The conclusion of Lemma 3.1, Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.2 remains true in view of conditions (C-2)-(C-5).
Remark 3.4 It may be noted that condition (C-4) is also valid, if one can define a function by
-
(1)
ψ is non-increasing for any , , .
-
(2)
ψ is a upper semi-continuous function such that for any , .
-
(3)
ψ is non-increasing and left-upper semi-continuous such that for .
Remark 3.5 It may be pointed out that condition (C-5) is also valid if one can define a function by
-
(1)
φ is a non-decreasing and left continuous function such that for any , .
-
(2)
φ is a lower semi-continuous function such that for any , .
-
(3)
, where is a continuous function with for all , .
Theorem 3.3 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space . Suppose that there exists an upper semi-continuous function with for every such that
for each and . If the pairs and share the property, then and have a coincidence point each. Moreover, A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and are weakly compatible.
Proof Consider the function as
For every , we have
Hence, inequality (3.7) can be deduced by
for any , , , that is, condition (C-5) holds. The rest of the proof can be completed easily, hence, we did not include the details. □
Theorem 3.4 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space . Suppose that there exists a strictly decreasing and left continuous function with if and only if and a function such that
for each , where () and . If the pairs and share the property, then and have a coincidence point each. Moreover, A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and are weakly compatible.
Proof Consider a function as
Since ν is strictly decreasing and left continuous, we have that is strictly decreasing and right continuous, and is increasing in s. Then we have
Also we have that for , which shows that
Hence, we get
Therefore, inequality (3.8) can be written as
If , in X and , then there exists a subsequence such that , which shows that
It follows from , we get
Hence, condition (C-1) holds. The conclusion can be deduced from Theorem 3.1. This completes the proof. □
Notice that the conclusion of Lemma 3.1 and Theorem 3.1, Theorem 3.2, Theorem 3.3 and Theorem 3.4 remains if we can replace inequality (3.1) by the following: for any and , we define
By choosing A, B, S and T suitably, we can deduce corollaries involving two as well as three self mappings. For the sake of naturality, we only derive the following corollary involving a pair of self mappings:
Let be a GV-fuzzy metric space, let A and S be self mappings of a set X. For any and , we define
(D-1) implies that for all and any sequence , in X.
Corollary 3.1 Let A and S be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying conditions (D-1) and (3.10). If the pair enjoys the property, then has a coincidence point. Moreover, A and S have a unique common fixed point provided the pair is weakly compatible.
Theorem 3.5 Let , , and be four finite families of self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space with , , and satisfying one of the conditions (C-1)-(C-5) along with (3.1). Suppose that the pairs and share the property, then and have a point of coincidence each.
Moreover, , , and have a unique common fixed point if the families and commute pairwise, wherein , , and .
Proof The proof of this theorem can be completed on the lines of Gopal et al. [25] □
Remark 3.6 A result similar to Theorem 3.5 can be outlined in respect of Theorem 3.1.
Now, we indicate that Theorem 3.5 can be utilized to derive common fixed point theorems for any finite number of mappings. As a sample for five mappings, we can derive the following by setting two families of two members, while the rest two of single members.
Let be a GV-fuzzy metric space, let A, B, R, S and T be self mappings of a set X. For any and , we define
Corollary 3.2 Let A, B, R, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying one of the conditions (C-1)-(C-5) along with inequality (3.11). Suppose that the pairs and share the property. Then and have a coincidence point each. Moreover, A, B, R, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and commute pairwise, that is, , , , .
Similarly, we can derive a common fixed point theorem for six mappings by setting two families of two members, while the rest two of single members.
Let be a GV-fuzzy metric space, let A, B, H, R, S and T be self mappings of a set X. For any and , we define
Corollary 3.3 Let A, B, H, R, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying one of the conditions (C-1)-(C-5) along with inequality (3.12). Suppose that the pairs and share the property. Then and have a coincidence point each. Moreover, A, B, R, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided both pairs and commute pairwise, that is, , , , , and .
By setting , , and in Theorem 3.5, we deduce the following:
Let be a GV-fuzzy metric space, let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a set X. For any and , we define
where m, n, p, q are fixed positive integers.
(E-1) implies that for all and any sequence , in X.
Corollary 3.4 Let A, B, S and T be self mappings of a GV-fuzzy metric space satisfying condition (E-1) with inequality (3.13). Suppose that the pairs and share the property. Then A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point provided and .
Remark 3.7 Corollary 3.4 is a slight but partial generalization of Theorem 3.1 as the commutativity requirements (that is, and ) in this corollary are relatively stronger as compared to weak compatibility in Theorem 3.1.
Remark 3.8 Results similar to Corollary 3.4 can be derived from Theorem 3.1.
4 Illustrative examples
Example 4.1 Let be a fuzzy metric space, where , with t-norm ∗ is defined by for all and
for all . Define the self mappings A, B, S and T by
Consider the sequences , or , , it is obvious that both pairs and satisfy the property.
It is noted that and . Notice that and are not closed subsets of X. Thus, all the conditions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied, and 3 is a unique common fixed point of the pairs and , which also remains a point of coincidence. Also all the involved mappings are even discontinuous at their unique common fixed point 3.
Example 4.2 In the setting of Example 4.1, replace the self mappings S and T by the following, besides retaining the rest:
Hence, the pairs and satisfy the property. It is noted that and . The pairs and commute at 3, which is also their common coincidence point. Thus, all the conditions of Theorem 3.2 are satisfied, and 3 is a unique common fixed point of the involved mappings A, B, S and T. Here, it may be pointed out that Theorem 3.1 is not applicable to this example, as and are closed subsets of X.
Our next example shows that if (C-1) does not hold, then the involved mappings may have no common fixed point.
Example 4.3 Let be a fuzzy metric space, where with t-norm ∗ is defined by for all , and
for all . Define the self mappings and by
Then
-
(1)
The mappings A and S satisfy the property for the sequence , , i.e.,
-
(2)
The pair is weakly compatible.
-
(3)
, wherein and are not closed subsets of X.
-
(4)
(C-1) does not hold. In fact, for and , , we have
And
which shows that (C-1) does not hold.
-
(5)
A and S have no common fixed point.
Thus, (C-1) is important for the existence of common fixed point.
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Imdad, M., Chauhan, S. & Khan, M.A. Existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point under a limit contractive condition. J Inequal Appl 2013, 519 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-519
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-519