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Multidimensional fixed points for generalized ψ-quasi-contractions in quasi-metric-like spaces
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2014, Article number: 27 (2014)
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concept of a quasi-metric-like space, and by defining the w-compatibility of two mappings, we obtain multidimensional coincidence point and multidimensional fixed point theorems for generalized ψ-quasi-contractions in quasi-metric-like spaces. Our results extend the fixed point theorems in Vetro and Radenović (Appl. Math. Comput. 219:1594-1600, 2012) and references therein.
MSC:47H10, 54H25.
1 Introduction and preliminaries
In 1987, Guo and Lakshmikantham [1] initiated the study of the coupled fixed point. In 2010, Samet and Vetro [2] presented the concept of a fixed point of N-order as an extension of the coupled fixed point.
Definition 1.1 ([2])
Let X be a non-empty set and let () be a given mapping. An element is called a fixed point of N-order of the mapping F if
Subsequently, a number of papers occurred on tripled fixed point and quadruple fixed point theory (see, e.g., [3–10]). Berzig and Samet [11] discussed the existence of the fixed point of N-order for m-mixed monotone mappings in complete ordered metric spaces. Very recently, Roldán et al. [12] extended the notion of the fixed point of N-order to the Φ-fixed point and obtained some Φ-fixed point theorems for a mixed monotone mapping in partially ordered complete metric spaces. Afterward, many results on multidimensional fixed points have been established (see, e.g., [13–18]).
Matthews [19] introduced the notion of a partial metric space where the self-distance does not need to be zero. By generalizing the partial metric, Hitzler and Seda [20] presented the concept of a dislocated metric which was redefined as a metric-like by Amini-Harandi [21]. The existence of fixed points in dislocated metric (metric-like) spaces has been discussed by many authors (see, e.g., [22–30]).
A mapping , where X is a nonempty set, is said to be a dislocated metric (metric-like) on X if, for any , the following three conditions hold true:
(σ 1) ;
(σ 2) ;
(σ 3) .
The pair is then called a dislocated metric (metric-like) space.
Karapınar et al. [31] introduced the notion of quasi-partial metric spaces and studied some fixed point theorems on quasi-partial metric spaces.
Definition 1.3 ([31])
A quasi-partial metric on a nonempty set X is a function which satisfies:
(QPM1) If , then ,
(QPM2) ,
(QPM3) , and
(QPM4) ,
for all . The pair is called a quasi-partial metric space.
In this paper, similar to the notation of Amini-Harandi [21], we define a quasi-metric-like space generalizing the metric-like space and the quasi-partial metric space. Furthermore, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a multidimensional fixed point for a generalized g-ψ-quasi-contractive mapping in quasi-metric-like spaces using the new w-compatibility of two mappings.
2 A quasi-metric-like space
Definition 2.1 A mapping , where X is a nonempty set, is said to be a quasi-metric-like on X if, for any , the following conditions hold:
(ρ 1) ;
(ρ 2) .
The pair is called a quasi-metric-like space.
Definition 2.2 Let be a quasi-metric-like space. Then
-
(1)
A sequence converges to a point if and only if
In this case, x is called a ρ-limit of .
-
(2)
A sequence is called a Cauchy sequence in if and exist and are finite.
-
(3)
The quasi-metric-like-like space is called complete if, for every Cauchy sequence in X, there is some such that
Every quasi-partial metric space is a quasi-metric-like space. Below we give an example of a quasi-metric-like space.
Example 2.3 Let , and let
Then is a quasi-metric-like space, but , so is not a quasi-partial metric space.
Remark 2.4 Every metric-like space is a quasi-metric-like space. Because the limit of a convergent sequence in metric-like space is not necessarily unique [25], the ρ-limit of a convergent sequence in quasi-metric-like spaces is not necessarily unique.
3 Main results
In this section, we establish the coincidence point and fixed point of r-order theorems, and an illustrative example is employed to show the validity of our results.
Definition 3.1 Let X be a nonempty set, and let and let () be two given mappings. An element is called a coincidence point of r-order of and if
If g is the identity mapping on X, then is a fixed point of r-order of the mapping F.
Throughout this paper, we denote all of the coincidence points of r-order of and by .
By Ψ we denote the set of real functions which have the following properties:
-
(i)
ψ is nondecreasing;
-
(ii)
;
-
(iii)
;
-
(iv)
for all .
From (iv) and , we deduce that for all [32].
Vetro and Radenović [32] introduced the concept of a g-ψ-quasi-contraction. We present the following definition as a generalization of the g-ψ-quasi-contraction.
Definition 3.2 Let be a quasi-metric-like space, and let (). F is called a generalized g-ψ-quasi-contraction if there exists such that
where
for any .
If g is the identity mapping, then F is a generalized ψ-quasi-contraction.
Definition 3.3 Let X be a nonempty set. The mappings and () are called w-compatible if
whenever .
Theorem 3.4 Let be a quasi-metric-like space, and (). Suppose that F is a generalized g-ψ-quasi-contraction with . If and is a complete subspace of X, then is nonempty.
Proof Let . Since , we can construct a sequence such that
Define
If there exists such that , then for any , .
We suppose that , for all .
Step 1. We shall prove that for each ,
In fact, for any , , we have
where
So, for , , we have
Hence, equation (3) is true.
Step 2. Now, we claim that for each , . For this, we distinguish three cases.
Since the sequence is nondecreasing, there exists .
Case 1. If, for all , , then the claim holds.
Case 2. Suppose that there exist , , and such that
then, for any , there exist , and such that
By equation (5), we obtain
which implies that
Suppose that , from the property (iii) of ψ, we have
Nevertheless, by equation (6), we get
which is a contradiction. Thus, .
Case 3. If there exist , , and such that
the proof is similar to Case 2.
Step 3. Next, we prove that, for every , is a Cauchy sequence in .
Let
and let
Then,
Since
there exists such that
If , using the monotonicity of and the property (iv) of ψ, we conclude that
However, by equation (4), we have, for any ,
which implies that
which contradicts equation (7). Therefore, , that is, for every , is a Cauchy sequence in .
Step 4. Finally, we prove that is nonempty.
Since is a complete subspace of X, there exist , , such that
For , , from
and
we get
For any , , we have
where
By equations (8) and (9), for any , there exists , and, for every and , we have
Thus, for each ,
If
using equations (9), (10), (11), and (12) and the property (iv) of ψ, we obtain, for every ,
By the arbitrariness of i in equation (13), we deduce that
which is a contradiction. Therefore,
which implies that , .
Thus,
that is, . □
Theorem 3.5 Let be a quasi-metric-like space. Let and let () be mappings satisfying all the conditions of Theorem 3.4. If F and g are w-compatible, then F and g have a unique coincidence point of r-order, which is a fixed point of g and a fixed point of r-order of F. Moreover, the coincidence point of r-order is of the form for some .
Proof Suppose that there exist , that is, for each ,
First, we prove that, for any ,
By equations (1), (14), and (15), for , we have
where
Set
Similarly, we have
and
By equations (1), (14), (15), and the monotonicity of ψ, for , we also have
and
From equations (17) to (23), we can conclude that
which is a contradiction, unless . So
that is,
On the other hand, for any , we obtain
Set
Similarly, for any
we have
By equations (26), (27), and (28), we get
which is a contradiction, unless . That is,
Therefore, equations (24), (25), and (29) imply that equation (16) is true.
Next, we prove that the coincidence point of r-order is unique.
In view of equation (16), let , .
Using the w-compatibility of F and g, we conclude that
So, . By equation (16), we can deduce that , .
Thus,
Moreover, equations (16) and (30) imply that is the unique coincidence point of r-order of F and g, is a fixed point of g, and is a fixed point of r-order of F. □
For each , setting in Theorem 3.4 and Theorem 3.5, we obtain the following results.
Corollary 3.6 Let be a quasi-metric-like space, let and let (). Suppose there exists such that F is a generalized g-ψ-quasi-contraction with . If and is a complete subspace of X, then is nonempty.
Corollary 3.7 Let be a quasi-metric-like space. Let and let () be mappings satisfying all the conditions of Corollary 3.6. If F and g are w-compatible, then F and g have a unique coincidence point of r-order, which is a fixed point of g and a fixed point of r-order of F. Moreover, the coincidence point of r-order is of the form for some .
Example 3.8 Let , Define as follows:
Then is a complete quasi-metric-like space.
Define by
and () by
It is easy to prove that g and F satisfy all conditions of Theorem 3.4 by taking , and the proof would be lengthy.
Here, .
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the editor and the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11071108, 11361042) and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi, China (2010GZS0147, 20114BAB201007), and it was supported partly by the Provincial Graduate Innovation Foundation of Jiangxi, China (YC2012-B004).
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Zhu, L., Zhu, CX., Chen, CF. et al. Multidimensional fixed points for generalized ψ-quasi-contractions in quasi-metric-like spaces. J Inequal Appl 2014, 27 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-27
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-27