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A note on ‘(G,F)-Closed set and tripled point of coincidence theorems for generalized compatibility in partially metric spaces’

Abstract

Recently, some (common) multidimensional fixed theorems in partially ordered complete metric spaces have appeared as a generalization of existing (usual) fixed point results. Unexpectedly, we realized that most of such (common) coupled fixed theorems are either weaker or equivalent to existing fixed point results in the literature. In particular, we prove that the results included in the very recent paper (Charoensawan and Thangthong in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:245, 2014) can be considered as a consequence of existing fixed point theorems on the topic in the literature.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.

1 Introduction and preliminaries

Multidimensional fixed point theory was initiated in 2006 by Gnana Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [1]. In fact, the authors [1] investigated the existence and uniqueness of a coupled fixed point of certain operators in the context of a partially ordered set to solve a periodic boundary value problem. Since then, multidimensional fixed point theorems have been investigated heavily by several authors; see, e.g., [129] and related references therein.

In this short note, we underline the fact that most of the multidimensional fixed point theorems can be derived from the existing (uni-dimensional) fixed point results in the literature. In particular, we shall show that the result in the recent report [6] can be considered in this frame.

For the sake of completeness, we recollect some basic definitions, notations and results on the topic in the literature. Throughout the paper, let X be a nonempty set. Given a positive integer n, let X n be the product space X×X× n ×X. Let N={0,1,2,} be the set of all nonnegative integers. In the sequel, n, m and k will be used to denote nonnegative integers. Unless otherwise stated, ‘for all n’ will mean ‘for all n0’.

Definition 1.1 (Roldán and Karapınar [22])

A preorder (or a quasiorder) on X is a binary relation on X that is reflexive (i.e., xx for all xX) and transitive (if x,y,zX verify xy and yz, then xz). In such a case, we say that (X,) is a preordered space (or a preordered set). If a preorder is also antisymmetric (xy and yx imply x=y), then is called a partial order.

Throughout this manuscript, let (X,d) be a metric space, and let be a preorder (or a partial order) on X. In the sequel, T,g:XX and F: X n X will denote mappings.

Definition 1.2 A point ( x 1 , x 2 ,, x n ) X n is:

  • a coupled coincidence point of F and g if n=2,

    F( x 1 , x 2 )=g x 1 andF( x 2 , x 1 )=g x 2 ;
  • a tripled coincidence point of F and g if n=3,

    F( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 )=g x 1 ,F( x 2 , x 1 , x 2 )=g x 2 andF( x 3 , x 2 , x 1 )=g x 3 ;
  • a quadrupled coincidence point of F and g if n=4,

    F ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) = g x 1 , F ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 1 ) = g x 2 , F ( x 3 , x 4 , x 1 , x 2 ) = g x 3 and F ( x 4 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = g x 4 .

Notice that when we take g as the identity mapping on X, then a point verifying the related conditions above is a coupled (respectively, tripled, quadrupled) fixed point of F due to Gnana Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [1] (respectively, Berinde and Borcut [9], Karapınar [13]).

Definition 1.3 (Al-Mezel et al. [21])

If (X,) is a preordered space and T,g:XX are two mappings, we will say that T is a (g,)-nondecreasing mapping if TxTy for all x,yX such that gxgy. If g is the identity mapping on X, T is -nondecreasing.

In [28], (g,)-nondecreasing mappings were called g-isotone mappings (in particular, when X is a product space X n ).

Definition 1.4 A fixed point of a self-mapping T:XX is a point xX such that Tx=x. A coincidence point between two mappings T,g:XX is a point xX such that Tx=gx. A common fixed point of T,g:XX is a point xX such that Tx=gx=x.

Definition 1.5 We will say that T and g are commuting if gTx=Tgx for all xX, and we will say that F and g are commuting if gF( x 1 , x 2 ,, x n )=F(g x 1 ,g x 2 ,,g x n ) for all x 1 ,, x n X.

Remark 1.1 If T,g:XX are commuting and x 0 X is a coincidence point of T and g, then T x 0 is also a coincidence point of T and g.

In 2003, Ran and Reurings characterized the Banach contraction mapping principle in the context of partially ordered metric space.

Theorem 1.1 (Ran and Reurings [20])

Let (X,) be an ordered set endowed with a metric d and T:XX be a given mapping. Suppose that the following conditions hold:

  1. (a)

    (X,d) is complete.

  2. (b)

    T is -nondecreasing.

  3. (c)

    T is continuous.

  4. (d)

    There exists x 0 X such that x 0 T x 0 .

  5. (e)

    There exists a constant k(0,1) such that d(Tx,Ty)kd(x,y) for all x,yX with xy.

Then T has a fixed point. Moreover, if for all (x,y) X 2 there exists zX such that xz and yz, we obtain uniqueness of the fixed point.

After Ran and Reurings’ result, fixed point theorems have been investigated heavily. One of the interesting results in this direction was reported by Nieto and Rodríguez-López in [19], who slightly modified the hypothesis of the previous result swapping condition (c) with the fact that (X,d,) is nondecreasing-regular as follows.

Definition 1.6 Let (X,) be an ordered set endowed with a metric d. We will say that (X,d,) is nondecreasing-regular (respectively, nonincreasing-regular) if any -nondecreasing (respectively, -nonincreasing) sequence { x m } is d-convergent to xX, we have that x m x (respectively, x m x) for all m. And (X,d,) is regular if it is both nondecreasing-regular and nonincreasing-regular.

Inspired by Boyd and Wong’s theorem [10], Mukherjea [18] introduced the following kind of control functions:

Φ= { φ : [ 0 , ) [ 0 , ) : φ ( t ) < t  and  lim r t + φ ( r ) < t  for each  t > 0 } ,

and proved a version of the following result in which the space is not necessarily endowed with a partial order (but the contractivity condition holds over all pairs of points of the space).

Theorem 1.2 Let (X,) be an ordered set endowed with a metric d and T:XX be a given mapping. Suppose that the following conditions hold:

  1. (a)

    (X,d) is complete.

  2. (b)

    T is -nondecreasing.

  3. (c)

    Either T is continuous or (X,d,) is nondecreasing-regular.

  4. (d)

    There exists x 0 X such that x 0 T x 0 .

  5. (e)

    There exists φΦ such that d(Tx,Ty)φ(d(x,y)) for all x,yX with xy.

Then T has a fixed point. Moreover, if for all (x,y) X 2 there exists zX such that xz and yz, we obtain uniqueness of the fixed point.

A partial order on X can be extended to a partial order on X n defining, for all Y=( y 1 , y 2 ,, y n ),V=( v 1 , v 2 ,, v n ) X n ,

YVif  { y i v i , i = 1 , 3 , 5 , , y i v i , i = 2 , 4 , 6 , .
(1)

An interesting generalization of the previous result was given by Wang in [28] using this extended partial order on X n .

Theorem 1.3 (Wang [28], Theorem 3.4)

Let (X,) be a partially ordered set and suppose that there is a metric d on X such that (X,d) is a complete metric space. Let G: X n X n and T: X n X n be a G-isotone mapping for which there exists φΦ such that for all Y X n , V X n with G(V)G(Y),

ρ n ( T ( Y ) , T ( V ) ) φ ( ρ n ( G ( Y ) , G ( V ) ) ) ,

where ρ n is defined, for all Y=( y 1 , y 2 ,, y n ),V=( v 1 , v 2 ,, v n ) X n , by

ρ n (Y,V)= 1 n [ d ( y 1 , v 1 ) + d ( y 2 , v 2 ) + + d ( y n , v n ) ] .

Suppose T( X n )G( X n ) and also suppose either

  1. (a)

    T is continuous, G is continuous and commutes with T, or

  2. (b)

    (X,d,) is regular and G( X n ) is closed.

If there exists Y 0 X n such that G( Y 0 ) and T( Y 0 ) are -comparable, then T and G have a coincidence point.

For further generalizations of the previous result, we refer readers to papers of Romaguera [25] and in Al-Mezel et al. [21].

Gnana Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham introduced the following condition in order to guarantee the existence of coupled fixed points

Definition 1.7 (Gnana Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [1])

Let (X,) be a partially ordered set and F:X×XX. We say that F has the mixed monotone property if F(x,y) is monotone nondecreasing in x and is monotone nonincreasing in y, that is, for any x,yX,

x 1 , x 2 X , x 1 x 2 F ( x 1 , y ) F ( x 2 , y ) , y 1 , y 2 X , y 1 y 2 F ( x , y 1 ) F ( x , y 2 ) .

On the other hand, Samet and Vetro [26] succeeded in proving some results in which the mapping F did not necessarily have the mixed monotone property.

Definition 1.8 (Samet and Vetro [26])

Let (X,d) be a metric space and F:X×XX be a given mapping. Let M be a nonempty subset of X 4 . We say that M is an F-invariant subset of X 4 if, for all x,y,z,wX,

  1. (i)

    (x,y,z,w)M(w,z,y,x)M;

  2. (ii)

    (x,y,z,w)M(F(x,y),F(y,x),F(z,w),F(w,z))M.

The following theorem is the main result in [26].

Theorem 1.4 (Samet and Vetro [26])

Let (X,d) be a complete metric space, F:X×XX be a continuous mapping and M be a nonempty subset of X 4 . We assume that

  1. (i)

    M is F-invariant;

  2. (ii)

    there exists ( x 0 , y 0 ) X 2 such that (F( x 0 , y 0 ),F( y 0 , x 0 ), x 0 , y 0 )M;

  3. (iii)

    for all (x,y,u,v)M, we have

    d ( F ( x , y ) , F ( u , v ) ) α 2 [ d ( x , F ( x , y ) ) + d ( y , F ( y , x ) ) ] + β 2 [ d ( u , F ( u , v ) ) + d ( v , F ( v , u ) ) ] + θ 2 [ d ( x , F ( u , v ) ) + d ( y , F ( v , u ) ) ] + γ 2 [ d ( u , F ( x , y ) ) + d ( v , F ( y , x ) ) ] + δ 2 [ d ( x , u ) + d ( y , v ) ] ,

where α, β, θ, γ, δ are nonnegative constants such that α+β+θ+γ+δ<1.

Then F has a coupled fixed point, i.e., there exists (x,y)X×X such that F(x,y)=x and F(y,x)=y.

Furthermore, Sintunavarat et al. [27] introduced the notion of transitive property to reconsider the Lakshmikantham and Ćirić’s theorem (see [17]) without the mixed monotone property.

Definition 1.9 (Sintunavarat et al. [27])

Let (X,d) be a metric space and M be a subset of X 4 . We say that M satisfies the transitive property if, for all x,y,z,w,a,bX,

(x,y,z,w)Mand(z,w,a,b)M(x,y,a,b)M.

Then they proved the following result.

Theorem 1.5 (Sintunavarat et al. [27])

Let (X,d) be a complete metric space and M be a nonempty subset of X 4 . Assume that there is a function φ:[0,)[0,) with 0=φ(0)<φ(t)<t and lim r t + φ(r)<t for each t>0, and also suppose that F:X×XX is a mapping such that

d ( F ( x , y ) , F ( u , v ) ) φ ( d ( x , u ) + d ( y , v ) 2 )
(2)

for all (x,y,u,v)M. Suppose that either

  1. (a)

    F is continuous or

  2. (b)

    if for any two sequences { x m }, { y m } with ( x m + 1 , y m + 1 , x m , y m )M,

    { x m }x,{ y m }y,

for all m1, then (x,y, x m , y m )M for all m1.

If there exists ( x 0 , y 0 )X×X such that (F( x 0 , y 0 ),F( y 0 , x 0 ), x 0 , y 0 )M and M is an F-invariant set which satisfies the transitive property, then there exist x,yX such that x=F(x,y) and y=F(y,x), that is, F has a coupled fixed point.

Recently, Charoensawan [11], based on Batra and Vashistha’s results, introduced the tripled case as follows.

Definition 1.10 (Charoensawan [11])

Let (X,) be a metric space and F: X 3 X be a given mapping. Let M be a nonempty subset of X 6 . We say that M is an F-invariant subset of X 6 if and only if, for all x,y,z,u,v,wX,

( x , y , z , u , v , w ) M ( F ( x , y , z ) , F ( y , x , y ) , F ( z , y , x ) , F ( u , v , w ) , F ( v , u , v ) , F ( w , v , u ) ) M .

The following concept is an extension of Definition 1.9.

Definition 1.11 (Charoensawan [11])

Let (X,) be a metric space and M be a subset of X 6 . We say that M satisfies the transitive property if and only if, for all x,y,z,u,v,w,a,b,cX,

(x,y,z,u,v,w)Mand(u,v,w,a,b,c)M(x,y,z,a,b,c)M.

Definition 1.12 (Charoensawan [11])

Let (X,) be a metric space and F: X 3 X, g:XX be given mappings. Let M be a nonempty subset of X 6 . We say that M is an (F,g)-invariant subset of X 6 if and only if, for all x,y,z,u,v,wX,

( g x , g y , g z , g u , g v , g w ) M ( F ( x , y , z ) , F ( y , x , y ) , F ( z , y , x ) , F ( u , v , w ) , F ( v , u , v ) , F ( w , v , u ) ) M .

In the previous definitions, it is not necessary to consider either a metric or a partial order on X.

Theorem 1.6 (Charoensawan [11], Theorem 3.7)

Let (X,) be a complete metric space and M be a nonempty subset of X 6 . Assume that there is a function φ:[0,+)[0,+) with 0=φ(0)<φ(t)<t and lim r t + φ(r)<t for each t>0, and also suppose that F: X 3 X and g:XX are two continuous functions such that

d ( F ( x , y , z ) , F ( u , v , w ) ) + d ( F ( y , x , y ) , F ( v , u , v ) ) + d ( F ( z , y , x ) , F ( w , v , u ) ) 3 φ ( d ( g x , g u ) + d ( g y , g v ) + d ( g z , g w ) 3 )

for all x,y,z,u,v,wX with (gx,gy,gz,gu,gv,gw)M or (gu,gv,gw,gx,gy,gz)M. Suppose that F( X 3 )gX, g commutes with F.

If there exists ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) X 3 such that

( F ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) , F ( y 0 , x 0 , y 0 ) , F ( z 0 , y 0 , x 0 ) , g x 0 , g y 0 , g z 0 ) M

and M is an (F,g)-invariant set which satisfies the transitive property, then there exist x,y,zX such that

gx=F(x,y,z),gy=F(y,x,y)andgz=F(z,y,x).

Meanwhile, Kutbi et al. [16] used a bidimensional extension of an F-invariant subset as follows.

Definition 1.13 (Kutbi et al. [16])

We say that M is an F-closed subset of X 4 if, for all x,y,u,vX,

(x,y,u,v)M ( F ( x , y ) , F ( y , x ) , F ( u , v ) , F ( v , u ) ) M.

The following one is the main result of Kutbi et al. [16].

Theorem 1.7 (Kutbi et al. [16])

Let (X,d) be a complete metric space, let F:X×XX be a continuous mapping, and let M be a subset of X 4 . Assume that:

  1. (i)

    M is F-closed;

  2. (ii)

    there exists ( x 0 , y 0 ) X 2 such that (F( x 0 , y 0 ),F( y 0 , x 0 ), x 0 , y 0 )M;

  3. (iii)

    there exists k[0,1) such that for all (x,y,u,v)M, we have

    d ( F ( x , y ) , F ( u , v ) ) +d ( F ( y , x ) , F ( v , u ) ) k ( d ( x , u ) + d ( y , v ) ) .

Then F has a coupled fixed point.

2 Main results

In this section we shall indicate our main result. Before stating the main theorem, we give necessary remarks. First of all, we consider the following family:

Φ = { φ : [ 0 , ) [ 0 , ) : 0 = φ ( 0 ) < φ ( t ) < t  and  lim r t + φ ( r ) < t  for each  t > 0 } .

Notice that this family of control functions was employed by Sintunavarat et al. in Theorem 1.5 and by Charoensawan in Theorem 1.6. Here, we should mention that it is not as general as Wang’s family Φ since the value φ(0) is not necessarily determined if φΦ. Thus, we have Φ Φ in this sense.

Secondly, we pay attention to the following fact: Charoensawan’s notion of F-invariant set is similar to Kutbi et al.’s notion of F-closed set, but it is different from Samet and Vetro’s original concept because property (i) in Definition 1.8 is not imposed. Then, coherently with Definition 1.13, we prefer calling these subsets employing the term F-closed.

Definition 2.1 Let T,g:XX be two mappings and let M X 2 be a subset. We will say that M is:

  • (T,g)-closed if (Tx,Ty)M for all x,yX such that (gx,gy)M;

  • (T,g)-compatible if Tx=Ty for all x,yX such that gx=gy.

Definition 2.2 ([29])

We will say that a subset M X 2 is transitive if (x,y),(y,z)M implies that (x,z)M.

Definition 2.3 ([29])

Let (X,d) be a metric space and let M X 2 be a subset. We will say that (X,d,M) is regular if for all sequence { x m }X such that { x m }x and ( x m , x m + 1 )M for all m, we have that ( x m ,x)M for all m.

Definition 2.4 Let (X,d) be a metric space and let M X 2 be a subset. Two mappings T,g:XX are said to be (O,M)-compatible if

lim m d(gT x m ,Tg x m )=0

provided that { x m } is a sequence in X such that (g x m ,g x m + 1 )M for all m0 and

lim m T x m = lim m g x m X.

Remark 2.1 If T and g are commuting, then they are also (O,M)-compatible, whatever M.

The main result in [29], using the previous notions, is the following one.

Theorem 2.1 (Karapınar et al. [29])

Let (X,d) be a complete metric space, let T,g:XX be two mappings such that TXgX, and let M X 2 be a (T,g)-compatible, (T,g)-closed, transitive subset. Assume that there exists φΦ such that

d(Tx,Ty)φ ( d ( g x , g y ) ) for all x,yX such that (gx,gy)M.

Also assume that, at least, one of the following conditions holds:

  1. (a)

    T and g are M-continuous and (O,M)-compatible;

  2. (b)

    T and g are continuous and commuting;

  3. (c)

    (X,d,M) is regular and gX is closed.

If there exists a point x 0 X such that (g x 0 ,T x 0 )M, then T and g have, at least, a coincidence point.

The following one is the main result of [6].

Theorem 2.2 (Charoensawan and Thangthong [6], Theorem 3.1)

Let (X,) be a partially ordered set and M be a nonempty subset of X 6 , and let d be a metric on X such that (X,d) is a complete metric space. Assume that F,G:X×X×XX are two generalized compatible mappings such that G is continuous, and for any x,y,zX, there exist u,v,wX such that F(x,y,z)=G(u,v,w), F(y,z,x)=G(v,w,u), and F(z,x,y)=G(w,u,v). Suppose that there exists φΦ such that the following holds:

d ( F ( x , y , z ) , F ( u , v , w ) ) + d ( F ( y , z , x ) , F ( v , w , u ) ) + d ( F ( z , x , y ) , F ( w , u , v ) ) φ ( d ( G ( x , y , z ) , G ( u , v , w ) ) + d ( G ( y , z , x ) , G ( v , w , u ) ) + d ( G ( z , x , y ) , G ( w , u , v ) ) )
(3)

for all x,y,z,u,v,wX with

( G ( x , y , z ) , G ( y , z , x ) , G ( z , x , y ) , G ( u , v , w ) , G ( v , w , u ) , G ( w , u , v ) ) M.

Also suppose that either

  1. (a)

    F is continuous or

  2. (b)

    for any three sequences { x n }, { y n } and { z n } with

    ( G ( x n , y n , z n ) , G ( y n , z n , x n ) , G ( z n , x n , y n ) , G ( x n + 1 , y n + 1 , z n + 1 ) , G ( y n + 1 , z n + 1 , x n + 1 ) , G ( z n + 1 , x n + 1 , y n + 1 ) ) M

and

{ G ( x n , y n , z n ) } x, { G ( y n , z n , x n ) } y, { G ( z n , x n , y n ) } z,

for all n1 implies

( G ( x n , y n , z n ) , G ( y n , z n , x n ) , G ( z n , x n , y n ) , x , y , z ) Mfor all n1.

If there exist x 0 , y 0 , z 0 X×X such that

( G ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) , G ( y 0 , z 0 , x 0 ) , G ( z 0 , x 0 , y 0 ) , F ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) , F ( y 0 , z 0 , x 0 ) , F ( z 0 , x 0 , y 0 ) ) M

and M is an (G,F)-closed, then there exist (x,y,z)X×X×X such that G(x,y,z)=F(x,y,z), G(y,z,x)=F(y,z,x), and G(z,x,y)=F(z,x,y), that is, F and G have a tripled point of coincidence.

The following remarks must be done in order to clarify some facts stated in [6] to the reader.

  • In the previous theorem, the authors assumed that (X,) is a partially ordered set. Clearly, it is a superfluous hypothesis.

  • We understand that ‘ x 0 , y 0 , z 0 X×X’ is an erratum and that it must be replaced by ‘ x 0 , y 0 , z 0 X’.

  • In [6], Example 3.2 is invalid since G(x,y,z)=x+y+z does not necessarily belong to X=[0,1] when x,y,zX are arbitrary.

Let Y=X×X×X. It is easy to show that the mappings η,δ:Y×Y[0,), defined by

η ( ( x , y , z ) , ( u , v , w ) ) = d ( x , u ) + d ( y , v ) + d ( z , w ) and δ ( ( x , y , z ) , ( u , v , w ) ) = max { d ( x , u ) , d ( y , v ) , d ( z , w ) }

for all (x,y,z),(u,v,w)Y, are metrics on Y.

Now, given a mapping F:X×X×XX, let us define the mapping T F :YY by

T F (x,y,z)= ( F ( x , y , z ) , F ( y , z , x ) , F ( z , x , y ) ) for all (x,y,z)Y.

It is simple to show the following properties.

Lemma 2.1 (see, e.g., [7])

The following properties hold:

  1. (1)

    (X,d) is complete if and only if (Y,η) (and (Y,δ)) is complete;

  2. (2)

    F has the mixed monotone property if and only if T F is monotone nondecreasing with respect to ;

  3. (3)

    (x,y,z)X×X×X is a tripled fixed point of F if and only if (x,y,z) is a fixed point of T F .

  4. (4)

    (x,y,z)X×X×X is a tripled coincidence point of F and G if and only if (x,y,z) is a coincidence point of T F and T G .

  5. (5)

    (x,y,z)X×X×X is a tripled common fixed point of F and G if and only if (x,y,z) is a common fixed point of T F and T G .

As a consequence of the previous facts, next we show that Theorem 2.2 is not a true extension: indeed, it can be seen as a simple corollary of Theorem 2.1.

Theorem 2.3 Theorem  2.2 follows from Theorem  2.1.

Proof Notice that condition (3) is equivalent to

η ( T F ( x , y , z ) , T F ( u , v , w ) ) φ ( η ( T G ( x , y , z ) , T G ( u , v , w ) ) )

for all (x,y,z),(u,v,w)Y such that ( T G (x,y,z), T G (u,v,w))M (notice that M X 6 = Y 2 ). By Lemma 2.1, all conditions of Theorem 2.1 are satisfied. □

3 Final remarks

In this section, we underline that the common/coincidence point theorem in [6] can be concluded as a fixed point theorem. For this purpose, we first recall the following crucial lemma.

Lemma 3.1 ([30])

Let X be a nonempty set and T:XX be a function. Then there exists a subset EX such that T(E)=T(X) and T:EX is one-to-one.

Theorem 3.1 Let (X,d) be a complete metric space, let T:XX be a mapping, and let M X 2 be a T-closed, transitive subset. Assume that there exists φΦ such that

d(Tx,Ty)φ ( d ( x , y ) ) for all x,yX such that (x,y)M.

Assume that either

  1. (a)

    T is continuous, or

  2. (b)

    (X,d,M) is regular.

If there exists a point x 0 X such that ( x 0 ,T x 0 )M, then T and g have, at least, a fixed point.

We skip the proof of this theorem since it can be considered as a special case of Theorem 2.1. Indeed, if we take g as the identity map on X, we conclude the result. On the other hand, by the following lemma, we shall show that Theorem 2.1 can be derived from Theorem 3.1.

Theorem 3.2 Theorem  2.1 is a consequence of Theorem  3.1.

Proof By Lemma 3.1, there exists EX such that g(E)=g(X) and g:EX is one-to-one. Define a map h:g(E)g(E) by h(gx)=T(x). Since g is one-to-one on g(E), we conclude that h is well defined. Note that

d(Tx,Ty)=d ( h ( g x ) , h ( g y ) ) φ ( d ( x , y ) )
(4)

for all gx,gyg(E). Since g(E)=g(X) is complete, by using Theorem 3.1, there exists x 0 X such that h(g x 0 )=g x 0 . Hence, T and g have a point of coincidence. It is clear that T and g have a unique common fixed point whenever T and g are weakly compatible. □

From Theorem 2.3 and Theorem 3.2 we conclude the following result.

Theorem 3.3 Theorem  2.2 is a consequence of Theorem  3.1.

References

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Acknowledgements

The second author has been partially supported by Junta de Andalucía by project FQM-268 of the Andalusian CICYE.

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Karapınar, E., Roldán-López-de-Hierro, AF. A note on ‘(G,F)-Closed set and tripled point of coincidence theorems for generalized compatibility in partially metric spaces’. J Inequal Appl 2014, 522 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-522

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