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Common fixed points in partially ordered modular function spaces

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point results in partially ordered modular function spaces.

MSC:47H10, 54H25, 54C60, 46B40.

1 Introduction

Study of modular spaces was initiated by Nakano [1] in connection with the theory of order spaces which was further generalized by Musielak and Orlicz [2]. The study of fixed points of mappings on complete metric spaces equipped with a partial ordering was first investigated in 2004 by Ran and Reurings [3], and then by Nieto and Rodriguez-Lopez [4]. They applied their results to obtain a unique solution for a first order ordinary differential equation with periodic boundary conditions (see also [5]). The study of this theory in the context of modular function spaces was initiated by Khamsi et al. [6] (see also [7] and [8]). Kuaket and Kumam [9] and Mongkolkeha and Kumam [1012], considered and proved some fixed point and common fixed point results for generalized contraction mappings in modular spaces. Also, Kumam [13] obtained some fixed point theorems for non-expansive mappings in arbitrary modular spaces. Recently, Kutabi and Latif [14] studied fixed points of multivalued maps in modular function spaces.

The study of common fixed points of mappings satisfying certain contractive conditions in the setup of partially ordered metric spaces can be employed to establish the existence of solutions of many types of operator equations, such as differential and integral equations. There are a few examples given in the following papers: [1520] and references mentioned therein. The objective of this paper is to initiate the study of common fixed point results in partially ordered modular function spaces. As an application of our results, we study the property Q for mappings involved herein.

2 Preliminaries

Some basic facts and notations about modular spaces are recalled from [21].

Definition 2.1 Let X be a real (or complex) vector space. A functional ρ:X[0,] is called modular if, for any x, y in X, the following hold:

(m1) ρ(x)=0 if and only if x=0.

(m2) ρ(αx)=ρ(x) for every scalar α with |α|=1.

(m3) ρ(αx+βy)ρ(x)+ρ(y) provided that α+β=1, and α,β0.

If (m3) is replaced by ρ(αx+βy)αρ(x)+βρ(y) if α+β=1, and α,β0, then ρ is called convex modular.

The vector space X ρ given by

X ρ = { x X ; ρ ( λ x ) 0  as  λ 0 }

is called a modular space. Generally, the modular ρ is not subadditive and therefore does not behave as a norm or a distance.

Modular space X ρ can be equipped with an F-norm defined by

x ρ =inf { α > 0 ; ρ ( x α ) α } .

If ρ is convex modular, then

x ρ =inf { α > 0 ; ρ ( x α ) 1 }

defines a norm on the modular space X ρ and is called the Luxemburg norm.

Define the ρ-ball, centered at x X ρ with radius r, as

B ρ (x,r)= { h X ρ ; ρ ( x h ) r } .

Definition 2.2 A function modular is said to satisfy Δ 2 -type condition, if there exists K>0 such that for any x X ρ , we have ρ(2x)Kρ(x).

Definition 2.3 ρ is said to satisfy the Δ 2 -condition if ρ(2 x n )0 whenever ρ( x n )0 as n.

Definition 2.4 Let X ρ be a modular space. The sequence { x n } X ρ is called:

(t1) ρ-convergent to x X ρ , if ρ( x n x)0 as n.

(t2) ρ-Cauchy, if ρ( x n x m )0 as n and m.

Note that ρ-convergence does not imply ρ-Cauchy since ρ does not satisfy the triangle inequality. In fact, one can show that this will happen if and only if ρ satisfies the Δ 2 -type condition.

It is well known that [6, 22] under the Δ 2 -condition the norm convergence and modular convergence are equivalent. The same is true when we deal with the Δ 2 -type condition. Throughout this paper, we assume that modular function ρ is convex and satisfies the Δ 2 -type condition. We also state the following definition and results given in [7].

Definition 2.5 The growth function w ρ of a function modular ρ is defined as

w ρ (t)=sup { ρ ( t x ) ρ ( x ) , x X ρ { 0 } } for all 0t<.

Observe that w ρ (t)1 for all t[0,1].

Lemma 2.6 The growth function ω has the following properties:

(g1) ω(t)<, for each t[0,).

(g2) ω:[0,)[0,) is a convex, strictly increasing function. So, it is continuous.

(g3) ω(αβ)ω(α)ω(β); for all α,β[0,).

(g4) ω 1 (α) ω 1 (β) ω 1 (αβ); for all αβ[0,), where ω 1 is the inverse function of ω.

The following lemma shows that the growth function can be used to give an upper bound for x ρ for each x X ρ .

Lemma 2.7 Let ρ be a convex modular function satisfying the Δ 2 -type condition. Then

x ρ 1 ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( x ) ) ,

whenever x X ρ .

Let S and T be two self-maps on a modular function space X ρ . A point x X ρ is called (1) a fixed point of S if S(x)=x; (2) a coincidence point of a pair (S,T) if Sx=Tx; (3) a common fixed point of a pair (S,T) if x=Sx=Tx. If w=Sx=Tx for some x in X ρ , then w is called a point of coincidence of S and T.

The pair (S,T) is said to be compatible if ρ(ST x n TS x n )0 as n, whenever { x n } is a sequence in X such that {S x n } and {T x n } are ρ-convergent to t X ρ .

A pair (S,T) is said to be ρ-weakly compatible if S and T commute at their coincidence points.

We denote the set of fixed points of S by Fix(S).

Definition 2.8 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially modular ordered space. A pair ( T 1 , T 2 ) of self-maps of X ρ is said to be ρ-weakly increasing if T 1 (f) T 2 T 1 (f) and T 2 (f) T 1 T 2 (f) for all f X ρ .

Definition 2.9 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially modular ordered space and T 1 , T 2 be two self-maps on X ρ . An order pair ( T 1 , T 2 ) is said to be partially ρ-weakly increasing if T 1 (f) T 2 T 1 (f) for all f X ρ .

The pair ( T 1 , T 2 ) is ρ-weakly increasing if and only if the ordered pairs ( T 1 , T 2 ) and ( T 2 , T 1 ) are partially ρ-weakly increasing.

Definition 2.10 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially modular ordered space. A mapping T 1 is said to be ρ-weak annihilator of T 2 if T 1 T 2 (f)f for all f x ρ .

Definition 2.11 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially ordered modular space. A mapping T 1 is said to be ρ-dominating if f T 1 f for all f X ρ .

Definition 2.12 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially modular ordered space and T 1 , T 2 , T 3 be three self-maps on X ρ , such that T 1 X ρ T 3 X ρ and T 2 X ρ T 3 X ρ . We say that T 1 and T 2 are ρ-weakly increasing with respect to T 3 if and only if for all f X ρ , we have T 1 f T 2 g for all g T 3 1 ( T 1 f), and T 2 f T 1 g, for all g T 3 1 ( T 2 f), where T 3 1 (f)={h X ρ T 3 h=f} for all f X ρ .

Definition 2.13 Let ( X ρ ,) be a partially modular ordered space and T 1 , T 2 , T 3 be three self-maps on X ρ such that T 1 X ρ T 3 X ρ . We say that T 1 and T 2 are partially ρ-weakly increasing with respect to T 3 if for all f X ρ , we have T 1 f T 2 g, for all g T 3 1 ( T 1 f).

Definition 2.14 Let X be a vector space. Then (X,,ρ) is called an ordered modular function space iff: (i) ρ is convex modular function on X and (ii) is a partial order on X.

Let (X,) be a partial ordered set. Then x,yX are called comparable if xy or yx holds.

3 Common fixed point results

We begin with a common fixed point theorem for two pairs of partially weakly increasing functions on an ordered modular function spaces. It may regarded as the main result of this article.

Theorem 3.1 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S, I, T, and J self-maps on X ρ such that S( X ρ )J( X ρ ) and I( X ρ )T( X ρ ). Suppose that (J,S) and (I,T) are ρ-weakly increasing, and the dominating maps S and T are weak annihilators of J and I, respectively. If for every two comparable elements f,g X ρ

ρ(SfTg)αρ(IfJg)
(3.1)

is satisfied, then S, I, T, and J have a common fixed point provided that for a non-decreasing sequence { f n } with f n g n for all n and g n g implies that f n g and either

  1. (a)

    {S,I} are ρ-compatible, S or I is ρ-continuous and {T,J} are ρ-weakly compatible;

  2. (b)

    {T,J} are ρ-compatible, T or J is ρ-continuous and {S,I} are ρ-weakly compatible.

Moreover, the set of common fixed points of S, I, T, and J is well ordered if and only if S, I, T, and J have one and only one common fixed point.

Proof (a) Let f 0 X ρ . Construct sequences f n and g n in X ρ , such that g 2 n 1 =S f 2 n 2 =J f 2 n 1 and g 2 n =T f 2 n 1 =I f 2 n . This can be done because S( X ρ )J( X ρ ) and I( X ρ )T( X ρ ). Since S is a ρ-dominating map and the pair (J,S) is partially ρ-weakly increasing so f 2 n 2 S f 2 n 2 =J f 2 n 1 S(J f 2 n 1 ). Also, S is a ρ-weak annihilator of J so f 2 n 2 S f 2 n 2 =J f 2 n 1 S(J f 2 n 1 ) f 2 n 1 . This implies that f 2 n 2 f 2 n 1 . Since T is a dominating map, f 2 n 1 T f 2 n 1 =I f 2 n . As (I,T) is a pair of partially weakly increasing mappings, I f 2 n T(I f 2 n ) and f 2 n 1 T f 2 n 1 =I f 2 n T(I f 2 n ). Also T is a weak annihilator of I, so we have f 2 n 1 T f 2 n 1 =I f 2 n T(I f 2 n ) f 2 n . This implies that f 2 n 1 f 2 n . Hence for all n1 we have f n f n + 1 . Suppose that ρ( g 2 n g 2 n + 1 )>0 for every n. If not, then ρ( g 2 n g 2 n + 1 )=0 implies that g 2 n g 2 n + 1 =0, that is, g 2 n = g 2 n + 1 for some n. Now from inequality (3.1) we have

ρ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 )=ρ(S f 2 n T f 2 n + 1 )αρ(I f 2 n J f 2 n + 1 )=αρ( g 2 n g 2 n + 1 )

and therefore ρ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 )=0. So g 2 n + 1 = g 2 n + 2 and so on. Thus { g n } becomes a constant sequence and g 2 n is a required common fixed point of given mappings. Assume that ρ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 )0 for each n. From (3.1), we obtain

ρ ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ) = ρ ( S f 2 n T f 2 n + 1 ) α ρ ( I f 2 n J f 2 n + 1 ) = α ρ ( g 2 n g 2 n + 1 ) = α ρ ( S f 2 n 1 T f 2 n ) α 2 ρ ( I f 2 n 1 J f 2 n ) = α 2 ρ ( g 2 n 1 g 2 n ) = α 2 ρ ( S f 2 n 2 T f 2 n 1 ) α 3 ρ ( I f 2 n 2 J f 2 n 1 ) = α 3 ( g 2 n 2 g 2 n 1 ) = α 3 ρ ( S f 2 n 3 T f 2 n 2 ) α 4 ρ ( I f 2 n 3 J f 2 n 2 ) = α 4 ρ ( g 2 n 3 g 2 n 2 ) .

Inductively, we have ρ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ) α n ρ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ), which implies that

1 α n ρ ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ) 1 ρ ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ) .

Using Lemma 2.7, we have

g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ρ 1 ω 1 ( 1 g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 )

and

ω 1 ( 1 α n ρ ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ) ) ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ) ) .

Employing the properties of the growth function, we obtain

ω 1 ( 1 α ) n ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ) ) ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ) ) ,

which implies that

g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2 ρ 1 ω 1 ( 1 α ) n ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ) ) = 1 [ ω 1 ( 1 α ) ] n ω 1 ( 1 ρ ( g n + 1 g n + 2 ) ) .

As ω(1)=1, and α1 so 1 ω 1 ( 1 α ), and 1 ω 1 ( 1 α ) <1. This shows that { g 2 n } is a Cauchy sequence in ( X ρ , ρ ). There exists h X ρ such that g 2 n h ρ 0. That is, the sequence { g 2 n } is norm convergent to h X ρ . Since the Δ 2 -condition implies equivalence of norm and modular convergence, { g 2 n } is modular convergent to h X ρ . Therefore { g 2 n } ρ h. Thus, we have h= lim n g 2 n + 1 = lim n J f 2 n + 1 = lim n S f 2 n and h= lim n g 2 n + 2 = lim n T f 2 n + 1 = lim n I f 2 n + 2 . Assume that I is continuous. Since {S,I} are ρ-compatible, we have lim n SI f 2 n + 2 = lim n IS f 2 n + 2 =Ih. As T is a ρ-dominating map, f 2 n + 1 T f 2 n + 1 =I f 2 n + 2 , that is, f 2 n + 1 I f 2 n + 2 . Therefore we have

ρ(SI f 2 n + 2 I f 2 n + 2 )=ρ(SI f 2 n + 2 T f 2 n + 1 )αρ(II f 2 n + 2 J f 2 n + 1 ),

which on taking the limit as n gives ρ(Ihh)αρ(Ihh). That is, (1α)ρ(Ihh)0. As α<1, so ρ(Ihh)0 implies that Ih=h. Since T is ρ-dominating, f 2 n + 1 T f 2 n + 1 . Also, T f 2 n + 1 = g 2 n + 2 h as n implies that f 2 n + 1 h. So, we have

ρ ( S h g 2 n + 2 ) = ρ ( S h I f 2 n + 2 ) = ρ ( S h T f 2 n + 1 ) α ρ ( I h J f 2 n + 1 ) = α ρ ( I h g 2 n + 1 ) .

On taking the limit as n, we obtain

ρ(Shh)αρ(Ihh)=0.

Hence ρ(Shh)=0 and Sh=h. As S( X ρ )J( X ρ ), there exists a point k X ρ such that Sh=Jk. Suppose that TkJk. Since S is ρ-dominating, (J,S) is partially ρ-weakly increasing, and S is a ρ-weak annihilator of J, so we have hSh=JkSJkk, that is, hk. Thus, we have

ρ ( h T k ) = ρ ( J k T k ) = ρ ( S h T k ) α ρ ( I h J k ) = α ρ ( h J k ) = 0

giving h=Tk. Since {T,J} are ρ-weakly compatible, Th=TSh=TJk=JTk=Jh. Thus h is a coincidence point of T and J. As S is a ρ-dominating map, f 2 n S f 2 n . Now S f 2 n h as n implies that f 2 n h. Now from (3.1), we have

ρ(S f 2 n Th)αρ(I f 2 n Jh),

which, on taking the limit as n, gives

ρ ( h T h ) α ρ ( h J h ) = α ρ ( h T h ) , ρ ( h T h ) α ρ ( h T h )

or (1α)ρ(hTh)0, as α<1, so h=Th. Thus, Sh=Ih=Th=Jh=h. That is, h is a common fixed point of S, T, I, and J.

(b) Similarly the result follows when (b) holds.

Now suppose that the set of common fixed points of S, I, T, and J is well ordered. We claim that the common fixed point of S, I, T, and J is unique. Assume to the contrary that these maps have two common fixed points u and v, that is,

Su=Iu=Tu=Ju=uandSv=Iv=Tv=Jv=v.

From inequality (3.1), we have

ρ(uv)=ρ(SuTv)αρ(IuJv)=αρ(uv).

Thus

(1α)ρ(uv)0 implies that ρ(uv)=0,which further implies that u=v.

Hence uniqueness is proved. The converse is straightforward. □

Corollary 3.2 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S, I, and J self-maps on X such that S(X)J(X), and I(X)S(X). Suppose that (J,S) and (I,S) are partially ρ-weakly increasing and the dominating map S is a weak annihilator of J and I. If for every two comparable elements f,gX

ρ(SfSg)αρ(IfJg)

is satisfied, then S, I, and J have a common fixed point provided that for a non-decreasing sequence { f n } with f n g n for all n and g n g implies that f n g and either

  1. (a)

    {S,I} are ρ-compatible, S or I is ρ-continuous and {S,J} are ρ-weakly compatible;

  2. (b)

    {S,J} are ρ-compatible, S or J is ρ-continuous and {S,I} are ρ-weakly compatible.

Moreover, the set of the common fixed points of S, I, and J is well ordered if and only if S, I, and J have one and only one common fixed point.

Corollary 3.3 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S, T, and J self-maps on X such that S( L ρ )J( L ρ ) and J( L ρ )T( L ρ ). Suppose that (J,S) and (J,T) are partially ρ-weakly increasing, and the dominating maps S and T are weak annihilators of J. If for every two comparable elements f,g L ρ

ρ(SfTg)αρ(JfJg)

is satisfied, then S, T, and J have a common fixed point provided that for a non-decreasing sequence { f n } with f n g n for all n and g n g implies that f n g and either

  1. (a)

    {S,J} are ρ-compatible, S or J is ρ-continuous and {T,J} are ρ-weakly compatible;

  2. (b)

    {T,J} are ρ-compatible, T or J is ρ-continuous and {S,J} are ρ-weakly compatible.

Moreover, the set of common fixed points of S, T, and J is well ordered if and only if S, T, and J have one and only one common fixed point.

Corollary 3.4 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space, S and J self-maps on X such that S( L ρ )J( L ρ ) and J( L ρ )S( L ρ ). Suppose that (J,S) is a partially ρ-weakly increasing and the dominating map S is a weak annihilator of J. If for every two comparable elements f,g L ρ

ρ(SfSg)αρ(JfJg)

is satisfied, then S and J have a common fixed point provided that for a non-decreasing sequence { f n } with f n g n for all n and g n g it is implied that f n g and either {S,J} are ρ-compatible, S or J is ρ-continuous and {S,J} are ρ-weakly compatible. Moreover, the set of common fixed points of S and J is well ordered if and only if S and J have one and only one common fixed point.

Theorem 3.5 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S, T, I, and J continuous self-maps on X ρ . Suppose that (S,I) and (T,J) are ρ-compatible, (S,T) and (T,S) are ρ-partially weakly increasing with respect to J and I, respectively, and

ρ(SfTg)αρ(IfJg)

holds for every f,g X ρ for which If and Jg are comparable. Then the pairs (S,I) and (T,J) have a coincidence point hX. Moreover if Ih and Jh are comparable, then hX is a coincidence point of S, T, I, and J.

Proof Let f 0 be an arbitrary point in X. Construct the sequences { f n } and { g n } in X such that g 2 n =S f 2 n =J f 2 n + 1 and g 2 n + 1 =T f 2 n + 1 =I f 2 n + 2 . As (S,T) is ρ-partially weakly increasing with respect to J, from f 2 n + 1 J 1 (S f 2 n ) we have

J f 2 n + 1 =S f 2 n T f 2 n + 1 =I f 2 n + 2 .

Since (T,S) is ρ-partially weakly increasing with respect to I, from f 2 n + 2 I 1 (T f 2 n + 1 ), we have

I f 2 n + 2 =T f 2 n + 1 S f 2 n + 2 =J f 2 n + 3 .

Hence J f 1 I f 2 J f 3 J f 2 n + 1 I f 2 n + 2 J f 2 n + 3  , that is, g 0 g 1 g 2 g 2 n g 2 n + 1 g 2 n + 2  . Following similar arguments to those given in Theorem 3.1, we obtain lim n ρ( g n g n + 1 )=0 and { g n } is a Cauchy sequence. Now we show the existence of the coincidence point for the pairs (S,I) and (T,J). To prove this, we proceed as follows: Since X is complete, there exists h X ρ such that lim n g n =h. That is, lim n ρ(I f 2 n h) = lim n ρ(S f 2 n h) = lim n ρ(I f 2 n + 2 h) = lim n ρ(T f 2 n + 1 h) = lim n ρ(J f 2 n + 1 h)=0. By compatibility of (S,I) and (T,J), we have

lim n ρ ( I ( S f 2 n ) S ( I f 2 n ) ) = lim n ρ ( J ( T f 2 n + 1 ) T ( J f 2 n + 1 ) ) =0.

By continuity of S, T, I, and J, we have lim n ρ(S(I f 2 n )Sh)= lim n ρ(T(J f 2 n + 1 )Th)=0. Note that

ρ ( I h S h ) ω ( 3 ) ρ ( I h I S f 2 n ) + ω ( 3 ) ρ ( I S f 2 n S I f 2 n ) + ω ( 3 ) ρ ( S I f 2 n S h ) = ω ( 3 ) [ ρ ( I h I S f 2 n ) + ρ ( I S f 2 n S I f 2 n ) + ρ ( S I f 2 n S h ) ] ,

which on taking the limit as n implies that ρ(IhSh)=0, that is, IhSh=0 and Ih=Sh. Similarly,

ρ(JhTh)ω(3) [ ρ ( J h J T f 2 n ) + ρ ( J T f 2 n T J f 2 n ) + ρ ( T J f 2 n T h ) ] ,

which on taking the limit as n implies that ρ(JhTh)=0, that is, JhTh=0 and Jh=Th. Next we show that Jh=Ih. Assume to the contrary JhIh, that is, ρ(IhJh)>0. By the given assumption, we have

ρ(IhJh)=ρ(ShTh)αρ(IhJh);

a contradiction. Hence Jh=Ih, therefore, Sh=Th=Ih=Jh. Hence h is a coincidence point of S, I, T, and J. □

Corollary 3.6 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S and T, continuous self-maps on X ρ , (S,T) and (T,S) are ρ-partially weakly increasing with respect to identity mapping on X, and

ρ(SfTg)αρ(fg)

holds for every f,g X ρ for which f and g are comparable. Then the pair (S,T) has a common fixed point.

Corollary 3.7 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space and S and J continuous self-maps on X ρ . Suppose that (S,J) is ρ-compatible, S is ρ-partially weakly increasing with respect to J, and

ρ(SfSg)αρ(JfJg)

holds for every f,g X ρ for which Jf and Jg are comparable. Then the pair (S,J) has a coincidence point h X.

Example 3.8 Assume that X ρ = 1 , where ρ(x)=x for x 1 . For x,y 1 , define xy if and only if xy.

Let S,J: 1 1 be defined as

S ( x ) = ( 1 6 x 1 , 1 6 x 2 , 0 , 0 , 0 , ) , J ( x ) = ( 1 3 x 1 , 1 3 x 2 , 0 , 0 , 0 , ) .

Note that

ρ ( S x S y ) = S x T y = ( 1 6 x 1 1 6 y 1 , 1 6 x 2 1 6 y 2 , 0 , 0 , ) = 1 6 [ | x 1 y 1 | + | x 2 y 2 | ] 2 9 [ | x 1 y 1 | + | x 2 y 2 | ] = 2 3 [ 1 3 | x 1 y 1 | + 1 3 | x 2 y 2 | ] = 2 3 ρ ( J x J y ) .

That is,

ρ(SxTy) 2 3 ρ(JxJy).

Note that ρ-compatibility of (S,J) follows immediately. Also S is ρ-weakly partially increasing with respect to J. Indeed, S( X ρ )J( X ρ ) and SfSg for all g J 1 (Sf). Therefore all conditions of Corollary 3.7 are satisfied. However, the pair (S,J) has (0,0,0,,0,) as a coincidence and a common fixed point.

4 Periodic point results

If S is a map which has a fixed point f, then f is also a fixed point of S n for every natural number n. However, the converse is false. If a map satisfies F(S)=F( S n ) for each nN, where F(S) denotes a set of all fixed point of S, then it is said to have property P [23]. We shall say that S and T have property Q if F(S)F(T)=F( S n )F( T n ). The set O(T,)={f,Tf, T 2 f,} is called the orbit of T. The set O(T,S,)={f,Tf,Sf, T 2 f, S 2 f,} is called the orbit of T and S.

As an application of our results in Section 2, we provide the following periodic point theorems.

Theorem 4.1 Let S be a non-decreasing self-map of a complete ordered modular function space (X,,ρ), satisfying

ρ ( S f S 2 f ) αρ(fSf)

for all fX, or (ii) with strict inequality, α=1 and for all fX, fSf. If, F(S)ϕ, then S has property P provided that fSf for any fF( S n ).

Proof We shall always assume that n>1, since the statement for n=1 is trivial. Let fF( S n ). Then fSf, so a non-decreasing characteristic of the mapping S implies that O(f,) is a well-ordered subset of X. Suppose that S satisfies (i). Then

ρ ( f S f ) = ρ ( S ( S n 1 f ) S 2 ( S n 1 f ) ) = ρ ( S 2 ( S n 1 f ) S f ) α ρ ( S n 1 f S n f ) α 2 ρ ( S n 2 f S n 1 f ) α n ρ ( f S f ) .

Now the right-hand side of the above inequality approaches zero as n. Hence ρ(fSf)=0, and f=Sf. Suppose that S satisfies (ii). If Sf=f, then there is nothing to prove. Suppose, if possible, that Sff. Then a repetition of the argument for case (i) leads to

ρ(fSf)<ρ(fSf);

a contradiction. Therefore, in all cases, f=Sf. □

Theorem 4.2 Let (X,,ρ) be a complete ordered modular function space. Let the mappings S and T be as in Corollary  3.6. Then S and T have property Q provided that O(T,S,) for every fF( S n )F( T n ).

Proof From Corollary 3.6, S and T have a common fixed point in X. Let fF( S n )F( T n ). Now,

ρ ( f S f ) = ρ ( T ( T n 1 f ) S ( S n f ) ) α ρ ( T n 1 f S n f ) = α ρ ( T n 1 f f ) ,

and we have

ρ(fSf)αρ ( T n 1 f f ) α n ρ(fSf).

Now the right-hand side of the above inequality approaches zero as n. Hence ρ(fSf)=0, and f=Sf. Now,

ρ(fTf)=ρ(SfTf)αρ(ff)

give ρ(fTf)=0, and f=Tf. □

Remark Recently, Paknazar et al. [24] gave the existence of the solutions of the integral equations in modular function spaces. Hajji and Hanebaly [25] also applied their fixed point result to obtain the solution of perturbed integral equations in modular function spaces (see also [26]). Our results can also be employed to solve such integral equations in the framework of complete ordered modular function spaces.

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Acknowledgements

The authors were supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission (NRU-CSEC No. NRU56000508). The authors are also thankful to the reviewers for their suggestions and remarks, which improved the presentation of this paper.

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Abbas, M., Ali, S. & Kumam, P. Common fixed points in partially ordered modular function spaces. J Inequal Appl 2014, 78 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-78

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