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<art>
   <ui>1029-242X-2010-531976</ui>
   <ji>1029-242X</ji>
   <fm>
      <dochead>Research Article</dochead>
      <bibl>
         <title>
            <p>Fej&#233;r-Type Inequalities (I)</p>
         </title>
         <aug>
            <au id="A1"><snm>Tseng</snm><fnm>Kuei-Lin</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>kltseng@mail.au.edu.tw</email></au>
            <au id="A2"><snm>Hwang</snm><fnm>Shiow-Ru</fnm><insr iid="I2"/><email>shru@cc.cht.edu.tw</email></au>
            <au ca="yes" id="A3"><snm>Dragomir</snm><fnm>SS</fnm><insr iid="I3"/><insr iid="I4"/><email>sever.dragomir@vu.edu.au</email></au>
         </aug>
         <insg>
            <ins id="I1"><p>Department of Applied Mathematics, Aletheia University, Tamsui 25103, Taiwan</p></ins>
            <ins id="I2"><p>China University of Science and Technology, Nankang, Taipei 11522, Taiwan</p></ins>
            <ins id="I3"><p>School of Engineering Science, VIC University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne City MC, Victoria 8001, Australia</p></ins>
            <ins id="I4"><p>School of Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa</p></ins>
         </insg>
         <source>Journal of Inequalities and Applications</source>
         <issn>1029-242X</issn>
         <pubdate>2010</pubdate>
         <volume>2010</volume>
         <issue>1</issue>
         <fpage>531976</fpage>
         <url>http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2010/1/531976</url>
         <xrefbib><pubid idtype="doi">10.1155/2010/531976</pubid></xrefbib>
      </bibl>
      <history><rec><date><day>3</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></date></rec><revrec><date><day>26</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></date></revrec><acc><date><day>3</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></date></acc><pub><date><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></date></pub></history>
      <cpyrt><year>2010</year><collab>Kuei-Lin Tseng et al.</collab><note>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</note></cpyrt>
      <abs>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p/>
            </st>
            <p>We establish some new Fej&#233;r-type inequalities for convex functions.</p>
         </sec>
      </abs>
   </fm>
   <bdy>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>1. Introduction</p>
         </st>
         <p>Throughout this paper, let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i1.gif"/></inline-formula> be convex, and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i2.gif"/></inline-formula> be integrable and symmetric to <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i3.gif"/></inline-formula>. We define the following functions on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i4.gif"/></inline-formula> that are associated with the well-known Hermite-Hadamard inequality [<abbr bid="B1">1</abbr>] </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M11">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i5.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>namely</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M12">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i6.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>For some results which generalize, improve, and extend the famous integral inequality (1.1), see [<abbr bid="B2">2</abbr>&#8211;<abbr bid="B6">6</abbr>].</p>
         <p>In [<abbr bid="B2">2</abbr>], Dragomir established the following theorem which is a refinement of the first inequality of (1.1).</p>
         <p>Theorem A. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i7.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above, and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i8.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i9.gif"/></inline-formula> by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M13">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i10.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Then, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i11.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i12.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i13.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M14">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i14.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>In [<abbr bid="B6">6</abbr>], Yang and Hong established the following theorem which is a refinement of the second inequality in (1.1).</p>
         <p>Theorem B. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i15.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above, and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i16.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i17.gif"/></inline-formula> by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M15">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i18.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Then, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i19.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i20.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i21.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M16">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i22.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>In [<abbr bid="B3">3</abbr>], Fej&#233;r established the following weighted generalization of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality (1.1).</p>
         <p>Theorem C. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i23.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M17">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i24.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>is known as Fej&#233;r inequality.</p>
         <p>In this paper, we establish some Fej&#233;r-type inequalities related to the functions <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i25.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i26.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i27.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i28.gif"/></inline-formula> introduced above.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>2. Main Results</p>
         </st>
         <p>In order to prove our main results, we need the following lemma.</p>
         <p>Lemma 2.1 (see [<abbr bid="B4">4</abbr>]). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i29.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above, and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i30.gif"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i31.gif"/></inline-formula>. Then, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M21">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i32.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Now, we are ready to state and prove our results.</p>
         <p>Theorem 2.2. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i33.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i34.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i35.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i36.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i37.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has the following Fej&#233;r-type inequality: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M22">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i38.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>It is easily observed from the convexity of <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i39.gif"/></inline-formula> that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i40.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i41.gif"/></inline-formula>. Using simple integration techniques and under the hypothesis of <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i42.gif"/></inline-formula>, the following identity holds on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i43.gif"/></inline-formula>: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M23">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i44.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i45.gif"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i46.gif"/></inline-formula>. By Lemma 2.1, the following inequality holds for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i47.gif"/></inline-formula>: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M24">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i48.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Indeed, it holds when we make the choice </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M25">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i49.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>in Lemma 2.1.</p>
         <p>Multipling the inequality (2.4) by <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i50.gif"/></inline-formula>, integrating both sides over <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i51.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i52.gif"/></inline-formula> and using identity (2.3), we derive <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i53.gif"/></inline-formula>. Thus <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i54.gif"/></inline-formula> is increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i55.gif"/></inline-formula> and then the inequality (2.2) holds. This completes the proof.</p>
         <p>Remark 2.3. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i56.gif"/></inline-formula> in Theorem 2.2. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i57.gif"/></inline-formula> and the inequality (2.2) reduces to the inequality (1.4), where <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i58.gif"/></inline-formula> is defined as in Theorem A. </p>
         <p>Theorem 2.4. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i59.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i60.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i61.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i62.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has the following Fej&#233;r-type inequality: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M26">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i63.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>By using a similar method to that from Theorem 2.2, we can show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i64.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i65.gif"/></inline-formula>, the identity </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M27">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i66.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>holds on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i67.gif"/></inline-formula>, and the inequalities </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M28">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i68.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M29">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i69.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>hold for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i70.gif"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i71.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i72.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>By (2.7)&#8211;(2.9) and using a similar method to that from Theorem 2.2, we can show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i73.gif"/></inline-formula> is increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i74.gif"/></inline-formula> and (2.6) holds. This completes the proof.</p>
         <p>The following result provides a comparison between the functions <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i75.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i76.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 2.5. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i77.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i78.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i79.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i80.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i81.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i82.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>By the identity </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M210">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i83.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i84.gif"/></inline-formula>, (2.3) and using a similar method to that from Theorem 2.2, we can show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i85.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i86.gif"/></inline-formula>. The details are omited.</p>
         <p>Further, the following result incorporates the properties of the function <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i87.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 2.6. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i88.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i89.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i90.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i91.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has the following Fej&#233;r-type inequality: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M211">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i92.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>Follows by the identity </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M212">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i93.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i94.gif"/></inline-formula>. The details are left to the interested reader.</p>
         <p>We now present a result concerning the properties of the function <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i95.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 2.7. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i96.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i97.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i98.gif"/></inline-formula>, and for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i99.gif"/></inline-formula>, one has the following Fej&#233;r-type inequality: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M213">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i100.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>By the identity </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M214">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i101.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i102.gif"/></inline-formula> and using a similar method to that for Theorem 2.2, we can show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i103.gif"/></inline-formula> is convex, increasing on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i104.gif"/></inline-formula> and (2.13) holds.</p>
         <p>Remark 2.8. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i105.gif"/></inline-formula> in Theorem 2.7. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i106.gif"/></inline-formula> and the inequality (2.13) reduces to (1.6), where <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i107.gif"/></inline-formula> is defined as in Theorem B.</p>
         <p>Theorem 2.9. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i108.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i109.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i110.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i111.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i112.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i113.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>By the identity </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M215">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i114.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i115.gif"/></inline-formula>, (2.12) and using a similar method to that for Theorem 2.2, we can show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i116.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i117.gif"/></inline-formula>. This completes the proof.</p>
         <p>The following Fej&#233;r-type inequality is a natural consequence of Theorems 2.2&#8211;2.9.</p>
         <p>Corollary 2.10. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i118.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined as above. Then one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M216">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i119.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Remark 2.11. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i120.gif"/></inline-formula> in Corollary 2.10. Then the inequality (2.16) reduces to </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M217">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i121.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>which is a refinement of (1.1).</p>
         <p>Remark 2.12. </p>
         <p>In Corollary 2.10, the third inequality in (2.16) is the weighted generalization of Bullen's inequality [<abbr bid="B5">5</abbr>] </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M218">
               <graphic file="1029-242X-2010-531976-i122.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
      </sec>
   </bdy>
   <bm>
      <ack>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p>Acknowledgment</p>
            </st>
            <p>This research was partially supported by Grant NSC 97-2115-M-156-002.</p>
         </sec>
      </ack>
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   </bm>
</art>